A figure shows the human body in outline with four endocrine glands marked. A is a pea-sized gland at the base of the brain, attached to the hypothalamus by a stalk. B has two lobes, one on each side of the trachea, joined by a thin flap of tissue. C is a pair of glands at the anterior part of each kidney. D is a gland just below the stomach. Which gland's hormones regulate the basal metabolic rate, and enlarge when the diet lacks iodine?
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The thyroid has two lobes, one on each side of the trachea, joined by an isthmus. Its hormones regulate the basal metabolic rate. Iodine deficiency causes hypothyroidism and enlargement of the gland, called goitre.
- A.
The pituitary secretes TSH, which controls the thyroid. The hormones that regulate the basal metabolic rate come from the thyroid itself.
- B.
The adrenal glands secrete adrenaline, noradrenaline and corticoids. Iodine deficiency does not enlarge them.
- C.
The islets of Langerhans in the pancreas secrete insulin and glucagon, which regulate blood glucose.
NCERT: Class 11 Biology, Chapter 19